Sakani ntchito zothandiza anthu

Sakani ntchito zothandiza anthu

Utumiki wothandiza anthu ukhoza kuonedwa kuti ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri lothandizira anthu ndi madera kuthetsa mavuto awo ndi kukwaniritsa zosowa zawo zofunika.
Utumiki wa anthu umafuna kupititsa patsogolo moyo wa anthu omwe ali pachiopsezo komanso osowa, ndikupereka chithandizo chofunikira kwa maguluwa kuti athetse mavuto omwe akukumana nawo.

• Utumiki wa anthu umagwira ntchito kuthandiza osowa popereka chithandizo chamaganizo, makhalidwe ndi ndalama, komanso kupereka chithandizo chaumoyo ndi maphunziro, ndikuwatsogolera kuti apindule ndi zomwe zilipo.
• Thandizo la anthu ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa ntchito zothandizira anthu, chifukwa cholinga chake ndi kulimbikitsa mgwirizano pakati pa anthu ndi anthu, komanso kupereka mwayi wopititsa patsogolo miyoyo ya anthu omwe ali pachiopsezo chachikulu.

• Ntchito zachitukuko zimafunanso kulimbikitsa chikhalidwe cha anthu ndikupanga malo ochezera amphamvu pakati pamagulu osiyanasiyana.
• Utumiki wa anthu umalimbikitsa anthu kutenga nawo mbali komanso kupititsa patsogolo mgwirizano pakati pa anthu ndi mabungwe kuti akwaniritse chikhalidwe cha anthu.

• Utumiki wa chikhalidwe cha anthu umakhudzidwa ndi ufulu wa anthu komanso kulimbikitsa mfundo yodzilamulira, monga momwe anthu ayenera kupatsa anthu mwayi wochita nawo zisankho zomwe zimakhudza miyoyo yawo.
• Utumiki wothandiza anthu umalimbikitsa anthu kuyesetsa kuthana ndi mavuto ndikupeza chitukuko chaumwini ndi chikhalidwe.

Akugogomezera kuti ntchito yothandiza anthu sikuti imangokhala kumayiko akumadzulo okha, komanso mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene omwe akukumana ndi mavuto akuluakulu a anthu.
Kusuntha kwachangu kudayamba m'maiko otukuka kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri pofuna kupatsa mphamvu magulu osowa ndikukwaniritsa chitukuko chokhazikika.

• Mwachidule, ntchito zothandizira anthu ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera miyoyo ya anthu ndi midzi, kulimbikitsa chilungamo cha anthu ndi mgwirizano komanso kuthana ndi mavuto a anthu.
• Ndilo gawo lomwe limafuna khama logwirizana kuchokera kwa onse ogwira nawo ntchito kuti akwaniritse kusintha kwabwino ndi chitukuko chokhazikika.

Kodi lingaliro la social service ndi chiyani?

• Utumiki wa anthu ndi gawo lazinthu zambiri zomwe cholinga chake ndi chitukuko ndi kukonza miyoyo ya anthu ndi madera omwe akukhala.
• Utumikiwu umagwirizana ndi kupereka chithandizo ndi chithandizo kwa anthu, mabanja ndi magulu omwe akukumana ndi mavuto a chikhalidwe, maganizo ndi zachuma.

• Malo ogwira ntchito za anthu amaphatikizapo maphunziro, thanzi, chisamaliro cha ana, chisamaliro cha okalamba, ntchito, kulumala, nkhanza zapakhomo, mavuto a m'maganizo, kuledzera, umphawi, kusankhana ndi zina.

• Kuonjezera apo, ntchito ya anthu ikufuna kulimbikitsa kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu komanso chilungamo cha anthu.

Udindo wa wogwira ntchito zamagulu ndi wofunikira kuti akwaniritse zolingazi, monga akatswiri pantchitoyi ali ndi ziyeneretso zofunikira komanso chidziwitso kuti amvetsetse mavuto a anthu komanso kuthandizira anthu ndi madera kuti awagonjetse.
Mphamvu za ntchito za anthu ndizolimbikitsa chilungamo, kufanana, ulemu waumunthu ndi kukwaniritsa chitukuko chokhazikika pakati pa anthu.

Kodi zolinga za Social Service ndi zotani?

• Utumiki wothandiza anthu umafuna kukwaniritsa zolinga zingapo zomwe cholinga chake ndi kuthandiza anthu, magulu, ndi madera kukulitsa luso lawo ndi chuma chawo ndikuwonjezera mwayi wawo m'moyo.

• Utumiki wa anthu umafuna kupititsa patsogolo chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi chilengedwe, ndikupanga zinthu zoyenera zomwe zimathandiza kukwaniritsa zolinga zake.

Pakati pa zolinga zina zothandizira anthu ndikukweza malamulo a chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi ndondomeko zolimbikitsa malo abwino komanso kupereka njira zothetsera mavuto omwe anthu, mabanja, magulu ndi anthu akukumana nawo.
Izi zimachitika mwa kukonza misonkhano, masemina, ndi kugwirizana ndi akuluakulu oyenerera.

• Utumiki wa anthu umatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa nthambi za sayansi ya chikhalidwe cha anthu, kutengera kugwiritsa ntchito chiphunzitso cha chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi njira zofufuza za chikhalidwe cha anthu.

• Mwachidule, ntchito yothandiza anthu ikufuna kukwaniritsa chilungamo cha anthu komanso kulimbikitsa kudalirana ndi mgwirizano pakati pa anthu, kupyolera mu chitukuko ndi kugwiritsira ntchito maubwenzi abwino a anthu komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zilipo kuti akwaniritse zolinga za anthu komanso ubwino wa anthu onse.

Ndi mitundu yanji yamathandizo othandiza anthu?

Pali mitundu yambiri ya ntchito zothandiza anthu zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa anthu omwe amafunikira chithandizo ndi chithandizo pamoyo wawo watsiku ndi tsiku.
Ntchito zothandizira anthu ndizosiyana komanso zomveka, zomwe zimakhudza zosowa za anthu, zamaganizo ndi zachuma.
Nayi mitundu ina ya chithandizo cha anthu:

1. Uphungu wa Zamaganizo: Uphungu wamaganizo umaphatikizapo kupereka chithandizo chamaganizo ndi uphungu kwa anthu omwe akuvutika ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana zamaganizo ndi zamaganizo.
   Cholinga cha msonkhanowu ndi kupititsa patsogolo thanzi la m'maganizo ndi m'maganizo komanso kupititsa patsogolo thanzi la anthu.
2. Thandizo lazachuma: Ntchito zothandizira anthu zimapereka chithandizo chandalama kwa anthu ndi mabanja omwe akukumana ndi mavuto azachuma.
   Izi zingaphatikizepo kupereka thandizo la ndalama kwa ophunzira aku koleji ndi maphunziro a maphunziro, komanso kupereka chithandizo chandalama kwa iwo omwe akukumana ndi mavuto azachuma kapena kutaya ntchito.
3. Nyumba: Ntchito zothandizira anthu zimapereka nyumba ndi malo okhala kwa anthu osowa pokhala kapena osowa pokhala.
   Izi cholinga chake ndi kupereka malo otetezeka komanso okhazikika kwa anthu, kupititsa patsogolo kukhazikika kwawo ndikuwongolera moyo wawo.
4. Social Care: Utumiki wa anthu, womwe umatchedwanso chisamaliro cha anthu, umadziwika popereka chithandizo ndi chisamaliro kwa anthu ndi mabanja pazochitika zadzidzidzi kapena zovuta zina.
   Ntchitoyi imapereka chithandizo pakukonza miyoyo ya anthu ndikuwapatsa chithandizo chofunikira kuthana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana omwe amakumana nawo.

• Ntchito zothandizira anthu zimagwira ntchito usana ndi usiku kuti zikwaniritse zosowa za anthu komanso anthu ammudzi.
• Kufunika kwa mautumikiwa ndikulimbikitsa chilungamo cha chikhalidwe cha anthu, kukwaniritsa mgwirizano ndi kufanana pakati pa anthu onse, komanso kukonza moyo wa anthu onse.

Kodi zigawo za Social Service ndi chiyani?

• Utumiki wa anthu uli ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimagwirira ntchito limodzi kuti zikwaniritse zolinga za anthu komanso kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha anthu.

1. Makasitomala: amatanthawuza munthu kapena gulu ngati gulu lomwe likufunika thandizo ndi chithandizo.
   Khama likulunjika pakukweza moyo wamakasitomala ndikuufikitsa pamlingo wabwinoko.
2. Social Worker: Wothandizira anthu amatengedwa kuti ndi katswiri wodziwa kupereka chithandizo ndi chithandizo.
   Wothandizira anthu amasanthula nkhaniyi ndikupereka chithandizo choyenera ndi njira zomwe zimathandiza wofuna chithandizo kuthana ndi mavuto ake.
3. Ntchito zachitukuko: Ntchito zachitukuko ndi cholinga chotukula ndi kukonza madera.
   Zimagwira ntchito kuti zizindikire ndi kuthetsa mavuto osiyanasiyana a chikhalidwe cha anthu monga kusowa ntchito, kusowa ntchito ndi matenda.
   Imafufuza zomwe zimayambitsa zovutazi ndikugwira ntchito kuti zichepetse zotsatira zake ndikupeza phindu lalikulu.
4. Philosophy: Filosofi yothandiza anthu amaphatikizapo zinthu zokhudza chikhalidwe cha anthu komanso makhalidwe abwino.
   Filosofi ya Social Service yakhazikitsidwa pachipembedzo ndi umunthu.
   Imakokera pa zipembedzo, kayendetsedwe ka anthu, sayansi ya chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi zochitika kuti ziwongolere zoyesayesa zake kuti zikwaniritse chitukuko cha anthu.

• Mwachidule, zigawo za ntchito za chikhalidwe cha anthu zimakhala ndi kasitomala, wothandizira anthu, ntchito za anthu, ndi filosofi.
• Zigawozi zimagwirira ntchito limodzi kuti zitukule moyo wa kasitomala, kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha anthu pothetsa nkhani za chikhalidwe ndi kupereka chithandizo choyenera ndi chithandizo.

Kodi ntchito za Social Services ndi zotani?

• Utumiki wa anthu ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana zoperekedwa kwa ana ndi makolo awo, ndipo ntchitozi nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa mkati mwa malo omwe amakhala kunyumba pansi pa kuyang'aniridwa ndi wogwira ntchito zachitukuko.
• Ntchito zothandizira anthu zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, ndipo ntchito zambiri zothandizira anthu zimapezeka m'madera osiyanasiyana m'madera ambiri.
• Ntchitozi zimapereka mwayi wopititsa patsogolo ntchito m'madera ambiri, kaya ndi ntchito zothandiza anthu kapena kuyambitsa ndi kuyambitsa mapulogalamu a anthu oyandikana nawo.

• Ntchito zothandizira anthu zimaphatikizapo ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndi ntchito zomwe zimachitidwa ndi anthu ogwira nawo ntchito.
• Ntchito zazikuluzikulu zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana ndi mabungwe oyenerera ndi mapulogalamu omwe amakwaniritsa zosowa zamakasitomala komanso zamalingaliro.

• Ntchito yothandiza anthu ikufuna kulimbikitsa anthu pofufuza mphamvu zosiyanasiyana ndi zinthu zomwe zimalepheretsa kukula kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi kupita patsogolo, monga kusowa ntchito, kusowa ntchito, matenda, ndi moyo wosauka.
• Popereka ntchito zothandizira anthu, ntchitoyi imagwira ntchito kuti ikwaniritse zofanana, kuvomereza ndi kuthetsa kupanda chilungamo kwa magulu okhudzidwa a anthu.

• Kawirikawiri, ogwira ntchito zachitukuko amagwira ntchito kuti apereke chithandizo ndi chithandizo kwa anthu ndi mabanja omwe amafunikira chithandizo chamaganizo ndi chikhalidwe.

Kodi luso lothandizira anthu ndi chiyani?

Maluso a ntchito za anthu ndi luso lomwe munthu wogwira nawo ntchito amafunikira kuti agwire bwino ntchito yake.
Malusowa akuphatikizapo luso loyankhulana ndi kuyanjana ndi ena mogwira mtima, kumanga maubwenzi abwino ndi makasitomala ndi anthu ammudzi, kumvetsera mwachidwi zosowa ndi mavuto a anthu ndi anthu ammudzi, kufufuza nkhani zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu okhudzana ndi makasitomala, kuwatsogolera kuzinthu zoyenera ndi mautumiki; ndi kukhazikitsa ndi kukhazikitsa njira zothetsera mavuto ndi mapulogalamu.

Zina mwa luso lothandizira anthu ndi luso loyankhulana ndi kuyanjana ndi makasitomala ndi anthu bwino.
Wogwira ntchito zachitukuko ayenera kufotokoza momveka bwino komanso moona mtima, kumvetsetsa zosowa ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana omwe anthu ndi anthu akukumana nawo, ndikuchita nawo mwachidwi ndi ulemu.

• Kuonjezera apo, wogwira ntchito zachitukuko amafunikira luso pofufuza nkhani za chikhalidwe cha anthu ndikumvetsetsa zomwe zimayambitsa khalidwe laumunthu.

• Kuphatikiza apo, wogwira ntchito zachitukuko ayenera kukhala ndi luso logwiritsa ntchito bwino zomwe zilipo ndikuwongolera makasitomala kwa iwo.

• Mwachidule, luso la ntchito zachitukuko ndi luso ndi chidziwitso chomwe munthu wogwira nawo ntchito amafunikira kuti agwire ntchito yake moyenera komanso moyenera.
• Malusowa amafunikira kulankhulana koyenera, kusanthula chikhalidwe cha anthu, kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera zinthu zomwe zilipo, ndikuwatsogolera makasitomala ku mayankho oyenerera ndi mapulogalamu oyenera okhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu.

Kodi ndi ndani amene amapindula ndi chithandizo cha anthu?

Ogwira ntchito, ogwira ntchito, ndi opuma pantchito omwe amagwirizana nawo amapindula ndi ntchito zothandiza anthu zoperekedwa ndi Ulamuliro, komanso mabanja omwe amawasamalira.
Mabanja a ogwira ntchito omwe anamwalira komanso ogwira ntchito akupitirizabe kupindula ndi maubwino omwewo malinga ndi momwe zilili komanso malamulo.
Social Fund imagwira ntchito yopereka chitetezo ndi chisamaliro kwa anthu ndi mabungwe, ndikukhazikitsa zoyeserera kudzera m'mabungwe ovomerezeka a anthu omwe ali ndi kuthekera kofikira opindula ndikutsimikizira zosowa zawo.

• Pofuna kuti boma lipereke moyo woyenerera kwa ogwira ntchito m'boma ndi ankhondo opuma pantchito, limapereka zinthu zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi zachuma kwa iwo, atagwira ntchito yawo potumikira dziko, motsatira malamulo ndi malamulo omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Bungwe la Social Fund likufuna kupititsa patsogolo ndi kupititsa patsogolo moyo wa ogwira ntchito ndi ogwira ntchito powapatsa ntchito zofunikira komanso zofunikira pa moyo ndi chikhalidwe, monga mayeso a zachipatala ndi nyumba, kuphatikizapo kuwonjezera malipiro othandiza pamene alipo.
Ndalamayi imakonzanso zolandila zopereka zandalama kuchokera kwa ana onse komanso ana amasiye makamaka, ndi cholinga chowonetsetsa kuti amasamaliridwa ndi kutetezedwa.

M'makampani, ntchito zachitukuko zimakonzedwa motsatira malamulo ndi malamulo enaake, ndipo gawo linalake la ndalama kapena malipiro amatsimikiziridwa kuti amachotsedwa kuti athandizire thumba lachitukuko.
Fund imagwira ntchito yopereka chithandizo ndi chithandizo kwa opindula popereka mautumiki ndi maudindo omwe amapititsa patsogolo moyo wawo ndi moyo wawo.

• Kuonjezera apo, makomiti othandizira anthu amapangidwa m'makampani, ndipo ali ndi udindo wokonza ndi kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu ndi ntchito zomwe zimapindulitsa opindula.
• Makomitiwa akufuna kupititsa patsogolo moyo wa ogwira ntchito ndi ogwira ntchito ndikukwaniritsa zosowa zawo za chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa ntchito za anthu ndi ntchito za anthu?

Mfundo za ntchito yothandiza anthu komanso ntchito zothandiza anthu zingayambitse chisokonezo ndi chisokonezo, ndipo ena angaganize kuti akutanthauza chinthu chomwecho.
Koma zenizeni, pali kusiyana kofunikira komwe kumasiyanitsa pakati pa ntchito zamagulu ndi ntchito zothandizira anthu.
Pamndandandawu, tiwona kusiyana kwakukuluku komwe kumaphatikizapo:

• Mwachidule, ntchito yachitukuko ikhoza kuonedwa ngati ntchito yaikulu kuti akwaniritse zolinga za chikhalidwe cha anthu, pamene ntchito ya chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi chilango cha maphunziro ndi ntchito zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kuphunzitsa akatswiri a chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi kuwapatsa luso ndi zida zofunikira kuti apereke chithandizo cha anthu ndi chisamaliro.

Kodi ntchito yothandiza anthu inayamba bwanji?

• Utumiki wa anthu wakula kwa zaka zambiri chifukwa cha kuyesetsa kosalekeza kwa mabungwe ambiri ndi mabungwe.
• Njira yothandizira anthu ammudzi idatulukira kudzera ku American Association for the Study of Community Organisation.

• Ntchito yothandiza anthu ikufuna kulimbikitsa anthu pofufuza mphamvu ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimalepheretsa kukula ndi kupita patsogolo kwa anthu.
• Zinthu zimenezi ndi monga kusowa kwachuma, ulova, matenda, ndi mavuto a moyo.

• Pamene madera akukula, momwemonso magawo a ntchito zachitukuko.

• Utumiki wa anthu umaphatikizapo kupereka chithandizo chachindunji ndi chosalunjika kwa anthu, mabanja ndi magulu ndi cholinga chokweza moyo wabwino komanso kuthana ndi mavuto a anthu.

• Mwachidule, chitukuko cha ntchito za anthu chimayimira chitukuko cha anthu okha komanso kusintha kwa zosowa zake.

Kodi ma social worker ali ndi chiyani?

• Makhalidwe a anthu ogwira nawo ntchito ndi ofunikira kuti apambane mu ntchito yake ndikuchita ntchito yake molimba mtima komanso mwaluso.

Zina mwa makhalidwe omwe munthu wogwira nawo ntchito ayenera kukhala nawo ndi kuleza mtima ndi kulekerera, popeza amatha kuthana ndi anthu osiyanasiyana ndikumvetsetsa mavuto awo popanda kuumirira kusintha mwamsanga.
Wogwira ntchito zachitukuko ayeneranso kukhala wachifundo ndi womvetsetsa, wodziwa kumvetsera mosamala ndikupereka chithandizo chamaganizo kwa anthu omwe akufunikira.

• Ponena za makhalidwe omwe munthu wogwira nawo ntchito ayenera kukhala nawo, ayenera kukhala odziwa bwino za chikhalidwe, malamulo, ndi zachuma zomwe anthu ndi magulu akukumana nazo.

Ponena za mikhalidwe yamaluso, wogwira ntchito zachitukuko ayenera kukhala wokhoza kupanga maubwenzi odalirika ndi makasitomala ndi ogwira nawo ntchito.
Ayenera kukhala ndi luso loyankhulana bwino kuti athe kuyankhulana ndi anthu osiyanasiyana komanso azikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana.
Ayeneranso kukhala wokhoza kuthana ndi mavuto a ntchito za anthu mwaluso komanso mwamakhalidwe abwino, komanso amatsatira mfundo zachinsinsi komanso kuchita zinthu mwachilungamo.

• Mwachidule, wogwira ntchito zachitukuko ayenera kukhala woleza mtima, wachifundo, wodziwa bwino za chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi malamulo, komanso wokhoza kumanga maubwenzi odalirika ndikuyankhulana bwino.