Zambiri za Al-Jahiz

Zambiri za Al-Jahiz

• Al-Jahiz, yemwe amadziwikanso kuti Abu Othman Amr bin Bahr Al-Kindi, anali m'modzi mwa olemba mabuku achiarabu komanso otsutsa kwambiri a Middle Ages.

Al-Jahiz analemba mabuku ambiri ofotokoza nkhani zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo mabuku, mbiri yakale, malo, makhalidwe, ndi anthu ena olemba mabuku.
Imodzi mwa ntchito zake zofunika kwambiri ndi "Life and Literature in Baghdad," mndandanda wa zolemba zomwe zimawunikira chikhalidwe ndi chitukuko cha likulu la Abbasid.

Al-Jahiz anali wotchuka chifukwa cha kalembedwe kake kachipongwe, chifukwa ankagwiritsa ntchito mawu achipongwe ndiponso odzudzula mwamphamvu pofotokoza maganizo ake.
Analinso katswiri wogwiritsa ntchito chinenero ndi kalembedwe, ndipo ankatha kugwiritsa ntchito luso lolankhula mwaluso.

Al-Jahiz adasiya chikoka chachikulu pa zolemba zachiarabu, chifukwa zolemba zake zidali zolimbikitsa kwa mibadwo yotsatira ya olemba ndi amuna amakalata.
Ngakhale kuti padutsa zaka zoposa XNUMX kuchokera pamene anamwalira, Al-Jahiz akadali ndi malo apadera padziko lonse la mabuku ndi chikhalidwe cha Chiarabu.

Al-Jahiz ndi ndani mwachidule?

• Al-Jahiz ndi wolemba komanso wolemba ndakatulo wotchuka wachiarabu kuyambira nthawi yachisilamu yoyambirira.
• Al-Jahiz anali wotchuka chifukwa cha zolemba zake zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo buku lake lodziwika bwino la "The Animal," lomwe limatengedwa kuti ndi limodzi mwa mabuku ake otchuka kwambiri omwe adasindikizidwa.
• Ntchito zake zolembalemba ndi ndakatulo zimadziwika ndi kulimba mtima komanso luso lanzeru.
• Zolemba za Al-Jahiz ndizofunika kwambiri pakufufuza za chikhalidwe cha Arabu m'nthawi imeneyo.

Makhalidwe a Al-Jahiz ndi otani?

• Umunthu wa Al-Jahiz umadziwika ndi chikhalidwe chapadera, chidziwitso chambiri, komanso luso lapadera.
• Kuonjezera apo, Al-Jahiz anali ndi nzeru komanso nthabwala, ndipo kalembedwe kake kankasiyana pakati pa kuchita zinthu mwanzeru ndi nthabwala.

Komabe, zikuonedwa kuti pali makhalidwe ena oipa mu Al-Jahiz, popeza ankakonda kukhala wonyoza ndi wonyoza m’mabuku ake ena.
Ngakhale kuti mabuku a Al-Jahiz ankawakonda kwambiri komanso kulimbikitsidwa kuti alembe nkhani zosiyanasiyana, anali ndi mbiri pakati pa anthu ngati wotopa komanso wosathandiza ena mowolowa manja.

M'buku lake, Al-Bakhla, Al-Jahiz adalongosola za anthu osokonekera omwe adakumana nawo m'malo ake mwanjira yowona, yosangalatsa komanso yoseketsa, pomwe adawunikira mayendedwe awo ndi mawonekedwe awo oseketsa.

• Umunthu wa Al-Jahiz ndi wosakanizika wa makhalidwe abwino ndi oipa.Iye ndi wanzeru, wanzeru ndi wanzeru, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amakhala ndi nthabwala komanso amakonda kunyodola nthawi zina.

Kodi chiphunzitso cha Al-Jahiz ndi chiyani?

Chiphunzitso cha Al-Jahiz ndi chiphunzitso cha Mu’tazila momwe ma Mu’tazila amakhulupilira kukana makhalidwe a Mulungu wapamwambamwamba ndi kutsimikizira tsogolo ndi gawo mu ubwino ndi kuipa Kwake kwa akapolo Ake.
Al-Jahiz akuonedwa kuti ndi m’modzi mwa anthu odziwika kwambiri pachiphunzitsochi, chifukwa amaikidwa m’gulu la chisanu ndi chiwiri la amuna opuma pantchito.
Mzinda wa Basra umatengedwa kuti ndi komwe kudabadwirako kudzipatula komanso ku likulu la Al-Jahiz.Umaonedwa kuti ndi malo oyambira anthu anzeru komanso kopita kwa olemba ndakatulo ndi olankhula mawu.
Al-Jahiz adadziwika chifukwa cha udindo wake wapamwamba pakati pa otsatira ake komanso m'magulu asayansi onse.
Nkhani zonena za chiphunzitso cha Al-Jahiz zimayambira kalekale, monga momwe zasimbidwira m’mabuku ena ndi magwero a akatswiri.
Al-Jahiz akuonedwa kuti ndi m’modzi mwa otsatira Amr bin Bahr Al-Kinani, yemwe amadziwika kuti Al-Jahiz, ndipo akunenedwa kuti ndi gulu la gulu la Al-Jahziyya, lomwe lili ndi chiphunzitso chomwecho.

Chifukwa chiyani Al-Jahiz adapatsidwa dzinali?

• Kutchuka kwa wolemba wotchuka wachiarabu Al-Jahiz amadziwika chifukwa cha ntchito zake zolemekezeka, kalembedwe kake kosavuta komanso kokoma, komanso nthabwala zomwe zinkatsagana nazo.

Al-Jahiz anali wotchuka chifukwa cha mabuku ake otchuka monga Bukhu la Zinyama ndi Bukhu la Bayan ndi Al-Tabyin, m’menemo anafotokozamo anthu ambiri aulemerero ndi anthu oseketsa amene anakumana nawo m’dera lawo.
Al-Jahiz adatchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha nthabwala zake komanso mawonekedwe ake osavuta owonetsera anthuwa, zomwe zidamupangitsa kuti azitchuka ndi omvera.

• Kuonjezera apo, Al-Jahiz ankadziwika kuti anali wanzeru komanso wodziwa kulemba bwino, komanso anali wanzeru komanso wanzeru polemba.

• Mwanjira imeneyi, dzina la Al-Jahiz linakumbukiridwa mwachidwi ndi kuyamikira kwa anthu, ndipo dzina lake linapitirizabe kukhalabe m’makumbukiro a anthu chifukwa cha zolembedwa zake zodabwitsa.

Ndi ntchito ziti zodziwika bwino za Al-Jahiz?

• Al-Jahiz, yemwe amadziwikanso kuti Abu Uthman Amr ibn Bahr al-Kinani, anali m'modzi mwa olemba mabuku achiarabu a Middle Ages.

• Imodzi mwa ntchito zodziwika bwino za Al-Jahiz ndi bukhu la "The Animal," lomwe ndi mndandanda wa zolemba zolembedwa zomwe zimafotokoza zomwe adaziwona komanso zomwe adakumana nazo pa nyama zosiyanasiyana.

Al-Jahiz adalembanso buku lina lotchedwa "News from Syria," lomwe ndi mndandanda wankhani ndi zolemba zomwe adazisonkhanitsa ndikuzilemba paulendo wake wopita ku Syria.
Bukuli limafotokoza za moyo wa anthu a m’derali, miyambo ndi miyambo yawo.
Bukuli limatengedwa ngati gwero lofunikira pophunzira mbiri yakale ndi chikhalidwe cha Aarabu m'nthawi yapakati.

Sitingaiwale buku la "Buku la Misers," lomwenso limatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa mabuku otchuka kwambiri a Al-Jahiz.
Bukuli likufotokoza nkhani ndi nthano za nkhanza komanso kukonda ndalama monyodola komanso mwanzeru.
M'bukuli, Al-Jahiz akupereka amuna ndi akazi ochokera m'magulu onse omwe amafuna kupeza ndalama zambiri mwa njira zonse.

• Ntchito zina za Al-Jahiz zili ndi mabuku ndi nkhani zosiyanasiyana zofotokoza zachikhalidwe komanso zachikhalidwe.
• Ngakhale masiku ano, zolemba za Al-Jahiz zidakali zofunika kwambiri pomvetsetsa chitukuko cha Aarabu akale komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana yake.

Mawu odziwika kwambiri a Al-Jahiz

• Mawu odziwika kwambiri a Al-Jahiz ndi mndandanda wa mawu ndi mawu omwe amawunikira nzeru ndi luntha la katswiri wodziwika bwino wa zowona.
• Mwambi umenewu ukusonyeza kufunika kodziwa zimene tingakwanitse komanso zimene anthu ena angakwanitse.” Tikamadziwa zimene tingachite komanso zimene tingakwanitse, tingathe kuchita zinthu mwanzeru ndi anthu amene amatitsutsa.

Mwa zina zomwe Al-Jahiz adadziwika nazo, timapeza kuti: “Palibe chiwerewere kwa munthu wabodza, ndiponso palibe kuopa munthu woipa.
Mwambi umenewu umasonyeza kufunika kwa kuona mtima ndi makhalidwe abwino, popeza kunama ndi kusokonekera kwa makhalidwe sikungakhale ndi phindu lenileni.

Buku lakuti Al-Bayan wa Al-Tabyin lolembedwa ndi Al-Jahiz nalonso limatengedwa kuti ndi limodzi mwa mabuku ake ofunika kwambiri, ndipo lanenedwa kuti ndi lachiwiri pambuyo pa buku la Al-Hayyun potengera kukula kwake.
Bukhuli limatengedwa ngati umboni wodabwitsa wa luso la Al-Jahiz ndi luso lake mu luso lolemba ndi kusanthula.

Palinso mwambi wina wosonyeza nzeru za Al-Jahiz ndipo umati: “Amene angatenge maso pa chinthu chofanana ndi ichi n’kutulukira chinthu, ndiye kuti amene akuchiganizira atopa.
Mwambi umenewu ukunena mwachidule kuti munthu wanzeru sangaweruze kapena kupanga chosankha mongoganizira chabe, koma m’malomwake amafunikira kuphunzira mozama ndi kufufuza bwinobwino asanamalize mfundozo.

• Ndi mawu odabwitsawa, Al-Jahiz adapangitsa kuti cholowa chathu cholemera cha Arabu kukhala cholemera komanso chowolowa manja.
• Mawu ameneŵa ali ndi mauthenga ophunzitsa ndi zikumbutso amene amagwira ntchito pa moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku ndipo amatiphunzitsa mmene tingachitire zinthu mwanzeru ndi moleza mtima ndi kusunga ukoma ndi makhalidwe abwino.

Chilankhulo ndi kalembedwe ka Al-Jahiz

• Chilankhulo cha Al-Jahiz komanso kalembedwe kake kamawonedwa kuti ndi kapadera komanso kosiyana ndi miyezo yonse.

• Zolemba za Al-Jahiz zimadziwika ndi zochitika zenizeni ndi mafanizo olimba mtima, pamene akutifikitsa ku dziko limene anthu amaonekera, monga akhungu, akhate, ndi olumala.

Mbali ina yodziwika bwino ya kalembedwe ka Al-Jahiz ndi nthabwala ndi nthabwala zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito m'ntchito zake.
Imawonetsa nthabwala zachipongwe komanso zopepuka kudzera m'makambirano achipongwe komanso mafotokozedwe oseketsa.
Kalembedwe kake kamakhala kozindikira, chifukwa amasanthula ndi kuloza chala pa zofooka za anthu ndi miyambo yoipa m’njira yokopa chidwi cha oŵerenga ndi kum’sonkhezera kulingalira ndi kulingalira.

• Mwachidule, kalembedwe ka Al-Jahiz ka zilankhulo ndi kalembedwe kake kamaphatikiza chisangalalo cha kuwerenga ndi malingaliro akuya, chifukwa amatha kutitengera kumayiko osiyanasiyana komanso anthu odziwika bwino, kupereka ndemanga m'njira yosangalatsa, modzidzimutsa komanso yokopa.
• Ndi kalembedwe koyenera kuyamikiridwa ndi chidwi, komwe kumasiya chidwi m'mitima ya owerenga.

Kodi mabukhu a Al-Jahiz amakhudza bwanji zolemba za Chiarabu?

• Mabuku a Al-Jahiz amawerengedwa kuti ndi m'modzi mwa mabuku ofunikira kwambiri omwe adasiya chizindikiro chomveka bwino m'mabuku achiarabu.

Chitsanzo cha zimenezi ndi buku lake lakuti “The Misers,” m’limene analankhula ndi anthu osiyanasiyana ndiponso osiyana, osauka ndi olemera omwe, ndipo anajambula chithunzi chenicheni cha anthu ndi makhalidwe ake.
Al-Jahiz adadziwikanso ndi kuthekera kwake kufotokoza malo ndi malo mwatsatanetsatane ndikufotokozera anthu m'njira yomwe imapangitsa owerenga kukhala m'nkhaniyi, zomwe zidapatsa ntchito zake kukongola kosatsutsika.

• Mabuku a Al-Jahiz adakhudzanso kutukuka kwa zolemba zachiarabu kudzera m'mitu yosiyana siyana komanso kalembedwe kake, monga momwe Al-Jahiz adagwiritsa ntchito njira zambiri zatsopano zolembera m'mabuku ake.

• Kuonjezera apo, Al-Jahiz amaonedwa kuti ndi wofunika kwambiri pa maphunziro a mabuku achiarabu, chifukwa kuphunzira ndi kusanthula zolemba zake kumaonedwa kuti n'kofunika kuti timvetsetse ndi kuyamikira chitukuko cha mabuku achiarabu.

Kodi akatswiri amanena chiyani za Al-Jahiz?

• Al-Tanahi: Al-Tanahi akunena m'nkhani zake kuti Sheikh Mahmoud Shaker sanali wokondwa kwambiri ndi Al-Jahiz, ngakhale kuti ankamulemekeza ndi kumukonda.

• Abu Hufan: Abu Hufan adauza Al-Jahiz kuti iye amakonda kuwerenga ndi mabuku, ndipo sadagwirepo buku popanda kulimaliza.

• Abu Hayyan Al-Andalusi: Abu Hayyan akupereka kusilira kwake kwa sheikh wake Al-Jahiz, monga akunena m'mawu oyamba a "Al-Basa'ir" kuti Al-Jahiz adachokera ku moyo kupita ku zolembedwa, ndipo akuwunikanso ntchito zomwe adachokera. anapindula.

Ndithu, uku sikungoyang’ana pang’ono pa zomwe zidanenedwa za Al-Jahiz, pakuti mabuku ake adali ndi nkhani zambiri komanso zodzala ndi zinthu zakale ndi zithunzi za Aristotle, ndipo ndi limodzi mwa mabuku omwe olemba ndi olemba mbiri yakale amapikisana.

Ukalamba ndi imfa ya Al-Jahiz

• Ukalamba ndi imfa ya Al-Jahiz ndi zina mwa zochitika zomwe zidachitika m'moyo wa mlembi ndi woganiza wotchuka wachiarabu.

• Ponena za imfa yake, inali mphindi yachisoni ndi tsoka lalikulu kwa mabuku achiarabu.

• Ukalamba ndi imfa ya Al-Jahiz zimasonyeza mavuto amene munthu amakumana nawo akafika pamlingo waukulu m’moyo wake.
• Mibadwo yambiri yolemba mabuku imakumbukira mbadwo umene unawatsogolera, pamene anadzipereka kutumikira mabuku ndi ntchito zawo zolemekezeka ndi kusiya choloŵa chosaiŵalika.

Pamapeto pake, ukalamba ndi imfa ya Al-Jahiz ndi siteji yachilengedwe m'moyo wa munthu aliyense, ndipo ikutikumbutsa kufunika kogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yotsalayo ndikukwaniritsa maloto ndi zolinga zathu nthawi isanadutse.
Al-Jahiz akadali chizindikiro cha kudzipereka pakulemba ndi kulenga, ndipo maphunziro ake akupitiriza kutilimbikitsa ndi kutikumbutsa kuti munthu aliyense ali ndi kuthekera kosiya zotsatira zabwino padziko lapansi ndi ntchito zake ndi kukumbukira.