Kusala kudya m'malotoNdi amodzi mwa maloto abwino omwe amatchula zisonyezo ndi matanthauzidwe otamandika, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amawonetsa zabwino ndi madalitso omwe amafalikira m'moyo wa wolotayo, ndipo akatswiri ndi ma sheikh amamasulira malotowo mosiyanasiyana malinga ndi momwe munthuyo alili komanso momwe amamvera mumtima mwake. moyo wake weniweni.
Kusala kudya m'maloto
- Kuona maloto osala kudya m’maloto ndi chisonyezero cha mikhalidwe yabwino ndi kusintha kwa zinthu kukhala zabwino, ndi chisonyezero cha njira yowongoka imene wolota maloto amatsatira m’moyo wake ndi kumuyandikizitsa kwa Mulungu Wamphamvuzonse, kumene amapatsidwa chithandizo. ubwino ndi mtendere weniweni.
- Kusala kudya m'mwezi wa Ramadan ndi chizindikiro cha kukwera kwakukulu kwa mitengo posachedwapa, ndipo wolota amavutika kuti apereke moyo wakuthupi womwe ukugwirizana ndi zomwe zikuchitika panopa, chifukwa akuyenera kuyesetsa kwambiri kuti athe kukwanitsa. kupereka chitonthozo ndi mwanaalirenji.
- Kuwona wamalonda akusala kudya m'maloto ndi chizindikiro cha kutayika kwakukulu komwe wolotayo adzawululidwa panthawi yomwe ikubwera, ndipo adzavutika ndi zowawa ndi zosowa, koma adzathetsa posachedwapa ndipo adzatha kulipira bwino kutayika kwake. .
Kusala mu maloto ndi Ibn Sirin
- Kuwona maloto osala kudya m'maloto a Ibn Sirin ndi umboni wa kumverera kwa chisokonezo ndi kukayikira komwe wolotayo akukumana nawo pakali pano, ndipo amaona kuti ndizovuta kwambiri kupanga zisankho zoyenera, ndi chizindikiro cha kukumana ndi mavuto ena ndi mavuto. zopinga.
- Kusala kudya m'maloto ndi chizindikiro cha kuyenda kawirikawiri ndi kusuntha kuchokera kumalo amodzi kupita kumalo, monga momwe wolota amawona kuti zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti azikhala nthawi yaitali pamalo amodzi.
- Kusala kudya m'maloto ndi loto lotamanda lomwe limafotokoza kuchuluka kwa zopatsa ndi zopindulitsa zakuthupi ndi zamakhalidwe zomwe zimalipira wolotayo nthawi yapitayo yomwe adakumana ndi zovuta ndi zovuta zambiri ndikumenyana nazo kwa nthawi yayitali popanda phindu.
Kutanthauzira kwa kusala m'maloto ndi Imam al-Sadiq
- Imam al-Sadiq akumasulira kusala m’maloto monga umboni wa chikhumbo champhamvu cha wolotayo kulapa ndi kuyandikira kwa Mulungu Wamphamvuzonse ndi ntchito zabwino ndi zabwino, pambuyo popewa machimo ndi zoipa zomwe adazichita m’mbuyomu.
- Kuwona kusala kudya m'mwezi wa Ramadan ndi umboni wa nthawi yabwino yomwe wolotayo akudutsa mu nthawi yomwe ikubwerayi, ndipo adzadalitsidwa ndi zinthu zambiri zabwino ndi zopindulitsa zomwe zidzamuthandize kukonza mkhalidwe wosakhazikika ndi wovuta weniweni.
- Kusala kudya m'maloto ndi chizindikiro chachisoni ndi zowawa zomwe wolotayo akukumana nazo munthawi yamakono, koma amatha kutulukamo posachedwa ndipo amakhala ndi moyo wosangalatsa komanso womasuka wopanda zopinga ndi zovuta zomwe zimalepheretsa kwambiri moyo wake. moyo.
Kusala kudya m'maloto kwa amayi osakwatiwa
- Kutanthauzira kwa maloto okhudza kusala kudya m'maloto kwa mtsikana wosakwatiwa ndi chizindikiro cha kudzipereka ku ziphunzitso zachipembedzo ndi ntchito ya pemphero ndi kupembedza popanda kugwa mwa iwo, kuwonjezera pa kupereka mtendere wamaganizo ndi bata m'moyo wake, ndi maloto. ndi umboni wa mbiri yabwino yomwe amadziwika nayo kwenikweni.
- Cholinga cha kusala kudya m'maloto okhudza mwana woyamba kubadwa ndi umboni wa kubwera kwa zinthu zabwino ndi zochuluka kwa moyo wake posachedwapa, ndi kupambana kuthetsa zopinga zonse ndi zovuta zomwe adadutsamo m'mbuyomu, zomwe adavutika nazo. zambiri zachisoni ndi kusasangalala.
- Kuwona kusala kudya m'maloto ndi chizindikiro cha kukwaniritsa zolinga ndi zilakolako pambuyo pa zoyesayesa zambiri zolakwika, koma pamapeto pake wolota amapambana kukwaniritsa cholinga chake ndipo amasangalala ndi malo apamwamba komanso olemekezeka pakati pa anthu.
Kutanthauzira kwa maloto okhudza kusala kudya ndi kuswa kudya za single
- Kutanthauzira kwa maloto osala kudya ndi kuswa kudya pambuyo pa Maghrib m'maloto a mtsikanayo ndi chizindikiro cha kukwaniritsa zolinga zovuta zomwe zimalowa mu mtima wa wolota, kusangalala ndi kunyada, ndikupeza bwino kwambiri pa moyo waumwini ndi wantchito.
- Kuwona maloto okhudza kusala kudya komanso kusala kudya ndi chisonyezo cha moyo wabwino komanso wapamwamba womwe wolotayo amakhala nawo m'moyo weniweni, popeza adapatsidwa ndalama zambiri komanso zopindulitsa zomwe zimamuthandiza kusintha kwambiri mikhalidwe yovuta.
- Kusala kudya ndi kuswa kudya m'maloto ndi chizindikiro cha malo olemekezeka omwe wolotayo adzafika posachedwa, atatha kukwaniritsa zambiri ndi ntchito yosalekeza kuti akwaniritse cholinga chake ndi cholinga chake ndikutha kupereka moyo wokhazikika womwe akufuna. .
Kutanthauzira kwa maloto okhudza kusala kudya pa tsiku la Arafah kwa akazi osakwatiwa
- Kusala kudya pa tsiku la Arafah m'maloto a msungwana wosakwatiwa ndi amodzi mwa maloto otamandika omwe amafotokoza chisangalalo ndi chisangalalo chomwe chikubwera m'moyo wake, atakwanitsa kuchita bwino ndikupita patsogolo ku zolinga ndikumanga ntchito yokhazikika yomwe amakwaniritsa mosalekeza. popanda kuyima.
- Maloto okhudza kusala kudya pa tsiku la Arafah m'maloto a mtsikana yemwe akuvutika ndi chisoni ndi kupanda chilungamo amasonyeza kutha kwa nthawi yovuta komanso kutha kwa malingaliro onse oipa, pamene gawo latsopano la moyo wake limayamba momwe amasangalalira ndi chisangalalo, chisangalalo ndi chisangalalo chenicheni.
Kusala kudya m'maloto kwa mkazi wokwatiwa
- Kusala kudya m'maloto a mkazi wokwatiwa ndi chizindikiro cha chiyero ndi chiyero chomwe chimamuwonetsa m'moyo weniweni, ndipo chimamupangitsa kuti azikondedwa ndi kuvomerezedwa ndi aliyense, kuphatikizapo makhalidwe a nzeru ndi mphamvu za khalidwe zomwe zimamupangitsa kukhala wokhoza kuyendetsa bwino moyo.
- Kusala kudya m’mwezi wa Ramadhani ndi chizindikiro cha ubwino ndi chakudya chochuluka chimene wolota malotowo amachipeza m’moyo wake, ndi umboni wa ntchito zabwino zimene wolotayo amachita pofuna kuyandikira kwa Mulungu Wamphamvuzonse ndikufika paudindo wapamwamba.
- Kumwa madzi pamene mukusala kudya m'maloto ndi chizindikiro cha kulowa mu nthawi yabwino yomwe wolotayo adzadalitsidwa ndi zinthu zabwino zomwe zimamuthandiza kupereka moyo wokhazikika, kuphatikizapo kukhala ndi mtendere wamaganizo ndi mtendere wamaganizo ndi thupi.
Kutanthauzira kwa maloto okhudza kusala kudya kwina osati Ramadan kwa okwatirana
- Kusala kudya m'maloto osakhala mwezi wa Ramadan mu maloto a mkazi wokwatiwa ndi chizindikiro cha mphamvu ndi kuyandikira kwa Mulungu ndi ubwino ndi chilungamo.Malotowa amasonyeza kulera bwino ana ndi kuwawona akupindula ndi kupita patsogolo m'moyo wawo wotsatira. kunyada ndi chisangalalo.
- Kutanthauzira kwa maloto a kusala kudya kwa mkazi wokwatiwa m'mwezi wina osati Ramadani ndi chizindikiro cha kutha kwachisoni ndi nkhawa pamoyo wake, komanso kulowa mu nthawi yokhazikika yomwe amakhala ndi zochitika zambiri zosangalatsa zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri. kuwongolera malingaliro ake ndi momwe amakhalira.
- Maloto otanthauzira kusala kudya m'maloto akuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa ngongole ndi zosonkhanitsa zomwe wolotayo amavutika nazo panthawi ino, koma amawathetsa posachedwa ndikubwereranso kukuchita moyo wake mwachizolowezi.
Kutanthauzira kwa maloto okhudza kusala kudya ndi kuswa kudya kwa mkazi wokwatiwa
- Kuwona maloto okhudza kusala kudya ndi kuswa kudya moyiwala moyiwala m'maloto a mkazi wokwatiwa kumasonyeza ndalama za halal zomwe adzakhala nazo posachedwa, ndipo adzapindula kwambiri potuluka m'masautso omwe adapanga chopinga chachikulu kwa iye ndi kupanga. amavutika ndi nthawi yovuta yomwe amakhala mu umphawi ndi njala.
- Ngati mkazi wokwatiwa aswa kusala kwake m’maloto ndipo anali kuiwala nthawi ya kusala kudya, ndi chizindikiro cha kufunikira kotsatira njira yowongoka popanda kupatuka panjira yowongoka, kuti wolota maloto asagwere mu zopinga ndi mavuto ambiri amene iye wachita. amalephera kuthetsa ndi kuchotsa.
Cholinga cha kusala kudya m'maloto kwa mkazi wokwatiwa
- Cholinga cha kusala kudya m'maloto kwa mkazi wokwatiwa ndi chizindikiro cha moyo wachimwemwe umene amasangalala ndi chitonthozo ndi bata pambuyo pogonjetsa zopinga zonse zomwe zinamuvutitsa kwambiri m'nthawi yapitayi, ndipo zinamupangitsa kuti avutike kwambiri ndi kupsinjika maganizo ndi kutaya. za kukhudzika muzochita za moyo.
- Kuwona mkazi wokwatiwa m'maloto akufuna kusala kudya ndi chizindikiro cha kuthetsa mavuto ndi zovuta zomwe zimayima m'moyo wake waukwati ndikumulepheretsa kukhazikika, kuphatikizapo kukhudza kwambiri ubale wake ndi mwamuna wake ndikukhalabe kwa kanthawi mu boma. za magawano ndi mikangano.
Kusala kudya m'maloto kwa mayi wapakati
- Kuwona kusala kudya m'maloto a mayi wapakati ndi umboni wa makhalidwe abwino omwe amamuwonetsa m'moyo weniweni, ndikumupangitsa kukhala pafupi ndi aliyense m'moyo wake, pamene amavomereza kuthandiza ena kuthetsa mavuto ndi zovuta.
- Loto lonena za cholinga cha kusala kudya m'maloto a mayi wapakati limasonyeza kupambana pakulimbana ndi mavuto ndi zopinga ndi kulingalira ndi nzeru, popeza amadziwika ndi umunthu wamphamvu komanso wolimba mtima polimbana ndi mavuto popanda mantha ndi kuthawa kapena kunyalanyaza ndi kusiya. .
- Kusala kudya kwa mkazi wokwatiwa m'maloto ndi chizindikiro cha kutha kwa nthawi ya mimba mu ubwino ndi mtendere popanda kukhalapo kwa mavuto a thanzi omwe angasokoneze maganizo ake ndi thupi lake molakwika, ndipo malotowo akusonyeza kufunika kokhala ndi moyo. kutsatira malangizo a dokotala kusunga thanzi la mwana wosabadwayo.
Kusala kudya m'maloto kwa mkazi wosudzulidwa
- Kuwona kusala kudya m'maloto a mkazi wosudzulidwa kumasonyeza kuleza mtima ndi kupirira nthawi yovuta yomwe adakumana ndi zovuta zambiri ndi mavuto, koma amalowa mu nthawi yokhazikika yomwe amasangalala ndi chitonthozo, mtendere ndi bata zomwe adataya kwa nthawi yaitali.
- Kusala kudya m'maloto ndi chizindikiro cha mpumulo wayandikira ndi kuthetsa mavuto onse ndi zovuta zomwe adadutsamo m'nthawi yapitayi, ndipo malotowo angasonyeze kuti posachedwa adzakwatiwa ndi mwamuna yemwe amadziwika ndi makhalidwe abwino ndipo amasangalala ndi moyo. udindo waukulu m’gulu la anthu.
Kusala kudya m'maloto kwa mwamuna
- Kuwona kusala kudya m'maloto a munthu ndi chizindikiro cha phindu labwino ndi lakuthupi lomwe wolota amapindula nalo m'moyo wake, ndipo amamuthandiza kupereka moyo wokhazikika komanso wosangalatsa womwe umamupangitsa kukhala ndi moyo wosangalala, wokondweretsa komanso wosangalala.
- Kusala kudya kwanthawi yayitali ndi chizindikiro cha kulapa, chiongoko ndi kubwerera ku njira ya Mulungu Wamphamvuzonse, pambuyo poima ndi kusiya kuchita machimo ndi zolakwa zomwe zidambweretsera chisoni ndi masautso ndipo zidamupangitsa kukhala wodekha komanso wodandaula.
- Kusala kudya m'mwezi wa Ramadan ndi chizindikiro cha chisokonezo ndi kukayikira komwe wolota maloto akukumana nawo pakali pano, chifukwa cha maudindo ndi maudindo ambiri omwe amakhala nawo m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku ndikuyesera kuzichotsa kuti apitirize. moyo wake bwinobwino.
Kuwona kadzutsa mutasala kudya m'maloto
- Kutanthauzira kwa maloto okhudza kuswa kudya pambuyo posala kudya m'maloto ndi umboni wothetsera mavuto onse ndi zopinga zomwe wolotayo adadutsamo m'mbuyomu, ndikulowa mu nthawi yatsopano ya moyo wake momwe amayesera kumamatira ku zomwe zili zolondola zokha. osapatuka panjira yake kuti athe kukwaniritsa zolinga ndi zokhumba zake mosavuta.
- Maloto a kadzutsa atatha kusala kudya m'maloto a mtsikana wosakwatiwa amasonyeza kuti adzakwatiwa panthawi yomwe ikubwera kwa mwamuna yemwe amadziwika ndi umunthu wamphamvu komanso wolimba mtima, ndipo wolota maloto adzasamukira ku moyo watsopano umene adzakhala ndi udindo womuyang'anira. zinthu popanda kuthandizidwa ndi ena.
kusala kudya Ramadan mu maloto
- Kusala kudya m’maloto ndi chizindikiro cha wolotayo akulimbana ndi iye mwini kuti achoke ku njira zosayenera, ndi kuyandikira kwa Mulungu Wamphamvuyonse kupyolera mu ntchito zolungama ndi mapemphero amene amam’bweretsera chitonthozo ndi bata m’moyo wake weniweni.
- Kusala kudya m’mwezi wa Ramadan ndi chisonyezero cha kulowa m’nyengo yovuta imene wolotayo amakumana ndi mayesero ndi zovuta zambiri, koma amakhala wodekha ndi kupirira kotero kuti akhoza kuimaliza posachedwapa popanda kutaya kwakukulu.
- Kusala kudya popanda Suhuor m'maloto ndi chizindikiro cha matenda komanso kutopa kwambiri komwe kumapangitsa wolotayo kuti asamachite bwino moyo, ndipo ngati wolotayo akudwala matenda kwenikweni, ndiye kuti malotowo ndi chizindikiro cha imfa yake.
Kutanthauzira kwa maloto okhudza kusala masiku asanu ndi limodzi a Shawwal
- Kumasulira maloto osala kudya masiku asanu ndi limodzi a Shawwal m’maloto ndi umboni wa kuchotsedwa kwa masautso ndi kutha kwa zopinga zazikulu ndi zovuta zomwe wolota maloto adakumana nazo pamoyo wake, ndipo zidamuika m’masautso ndi chisoni chachikulu; koma pa nthawi ino ali ndi moyo wokhazikika wolamulidwa ndi chisangalalo, chisangalalo ndi chisangalalo.
- Kuwona masiku asanu ndi limodzi a Shawwal akusala kudya m'maloto kwa mkazi wokwatiwa ndi chisonyezo cha kutha kwa kusiyana ndi mavuto omwe adachitika m'banja lake, ndipo adayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa ubale pakati pa iye ndi mwamuna wake, koma apambana kuthetsa. iwo ndi kubwezeretsa ubale wa chikondi ndi chikondi chabwino pakati pa iye ndi bwenzi lake m'moyo.
Ndinalota kuti ndikusala kudya
- masomphenya olota Suhuor m'maloto Chisonyezo chakuti pali adani ena amene akufuna kuononga moyo wake wokhazikika ndi kumulowetsa m’masautso ndi kutaika komwe kuli kovuta kubwezera, koma iye akuwapatuka ndi kudalitsidwa ndi kupulumutsidwa ku zoipa zawo.
- Kuwona munthu akudya suhoor m'maloto ndi cholinga cha kusala kudya ndi umboni wa kupambana ndi kupita patsogolo kwakukulu komwe amapeza m'moyo wonse, ndikufika pa malo akuluakulu omwe amakhala m'modzi mwa anthu opambana omwe amasangalala ndi mphamvu ndi zovuta.
- Ndinalota kuti ndikudya suhuur chifukwa chosala kusala Ramadan, umene uli umboni wa kulapa moona mtima kwa Mulungu Wamphamvuzonse, ndikubwerera ku njira yoongoka imene wolotayo amamva kukhala womasuka, wokhudzidwa, ndi wokhoza kupitirizabe popanda kuima.
Kutanthauzira kwa maloto okhudza kuswa kudya
- Kutanthauzira kwa maloto odula kusala dzuwa lisanalowe kumasonyeza kugwa m'mavuto ambiri ndi zovuta zomwe zimabweretsa kutaya ndi kulephera kwa wolota, komanso kulephera kulimbana ndi kuwachotsa, chifukwa akusowa thandizo ndi chithandizo kuchokera kwa omwe ali pafupi naye. kuti akhoza kusangalala ndi mphamvu ndi mphamvu zowagonjetsa.
- Kuwona kusokonezeka kwa kusala kudya m'maloto ndi umboni wa kufalikira kwa zabwino zambiri ndi madalitso m'moyo wa wolota, ngati wolotayo adakwanitsa kukwaniritsa kusala kudya mpaka kumapeto kwake, ndipo malotowo angasonyeze kutha kwa malingaliro. zachisoni ndi zowawa zomwe zinalepheretsa moyo wake m'nyengo yapitayi.
Kumasulira maloto a yemwe adaphonya kusala pa tsiku la Arafah
- Kutanthauzira kwa maloto okhudza munthu amene adaphonya kusala kudya pa tsiku la Arafah kumasonyeza zovuta zazikulu zomwe munthu amakumana nazo pamoyo weniweni ndipo amalephera kuwachotsa bwinobwino, pamene zovutazo zikupitirirabe m'moyo wake ndipo amalowa m'maganizo. ndi kuyesera popanda phindu.
- Maloto osasala kudya pa tsiku la Arafa akusonyeza machimo ndi zolakwa zambiri zimene wolotayo amachita m’moyo weniweni popanda kuopa Mulungu, ndikudzilowetsa m’njira ya injini zomwe zimamukankhira ku chionongeko ndi chionongeko.
- Loto lonena za kusala kudya pa tsiku lodziwika kwa mkazi wosakwatiwa m'maloto limasonyeza kutayika kwakukulu kumene adzadutsa posachedwapa, ndipo zidzachititsa kuti alowe mu chikhalidwe chachisoni ndi kuponderezedwa chifukwa cha kulephera kubwezera. izo.
Kutanthauzira kwa maloto okhudza kusala kudya
- Kutanthauzira kwa loto lokonzekera kusala kudya m'maloto kukuwonetsa nthawi yovuta yomwe wolotayo amavutika ndi zovuta zomwe zimamuvuta kupirira ndikuyimilira patsogolo pake, popeza ngakhale atayesetsa kuti awachotse, amapeza. mwiniwake wosakhoza kuwathetsa ndi kuwavomereza.
- Maloto akuswa kusala kudya pa Ramadan amatanthauza kupita kumalo atsopano ndikufika ku chitetezo, kuwonjezera pa kusamukira ku gawo latsopano la moyo momwe wolota amamva chisangalalo ndi mphamvu zazikulu zomwe adzapindula nazo pokwaniritsa zolinga zake.
- Kuwona munthu m'maloto akukonzekera kusala m'maloto mwezi wa Ramadan utatha ndi chizindikiro cha matenda oopsa omwe angamulepheretse kuchita moyo wabwino kwa nthawi yochepa.
Kutanthauzira kwa maloto okhudza kusala Lolemba
- Kusala Lolemba m’maloto ndi chizindikiro chotsatira Sunnah ndi kudzipereka ku chipembedzo ndi kupembedza komwe kumamuyandikitsa wolota maloto kwa Mulungu, ndikulimbikitsa mwa iye chikhulupiriro champhamvu ndi chidaliro pakubwera kwa ubwino ndi madalitso, kuwonjezera pa makhalidwe a chipiriro. ndi chipiriro chimene amachisonyeza pamene akukumana ndi zopinga ndi masautso omwe si apafupi.
- Kuwona wolotayo akusala kudya Lolemba m'maloto ndi umboni wa zopindulitsa zakuthupi zomwe amapeza m'njira yovomerezeka, ndipo zimamuthandiza kuti alipire ngongole ndikutuluka muvuto lazachuma mwamtendere, ndi chizindikiro choyambiranso ntchito ndikuyesera -siya ndi cholinga chofuna kupeza ndalama za halal zomwe amapindula nazo popereka moyo wabwino kwa nyumba yake ndi ana ake.
Kutanthauzira kwa maloto okhudza kusala kudya pa tsiku loyamba la Ramadan
- Kutanthauzira kwa maloto okhudza kusala kudya pa tsiku loyamba la Ramadan ndi chizindikiro cha chakudya chokhala ndi zinthu zambiri zabwino komanso zopindulitsa zomwe zimathandiza kuti moyo ukhale wabwino kwambiri.
- Kuwona maloto okhudza kusala kudya pa tsiku loyamba la Ramadan m'maloto a munthu ndi chizindikiro chakuti adzalowa mu nthawi yomwe ikubwera polojekiti yatsopano yomwe idzapindule zambiri ndi ndalama zomwe adzagwiritse ntchito kuti alipire ngongole zomwe anasonkhanitsa. pa iye, ndikupanga banja losangalala lomwe limakhala ndi moyo wapamwamba wolamulidwa ndi chitonthozo ndi chitukuko.
Kodi kutanthauzira kwa maloto okhudzana ndi kusala kudya kunja kwa Ramadan ndi chiyani?
- Kusala kudya nthawi zina osati Ramadani ndi umboni wa chitsogozo ndi njira yowongoka yomwe wolotayo amatsatira zenizeni, pamene akufuna kuchita zinthu zabwino zomwe zimathandiza kusintha zinthu ndikubwezeretsanso moyo ku njira yoyenera.
- Loto la kusala kudya mu tsiku lina osati Ramadani limasonyeza kukwaniritsidwa kwa machimo onse, ndi kusangalala ndi moyo watsopano umene wolotayo amakhala ndi kusintha kwakukulu komwe kumamuthandiza kukwaniritsa zolinga ndi zokhumba zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuzikwaniritsa.
- Kutanthauzira kwa maloto osala kudya pamasiku oyamba a Eid ndi umboni wa kulandira nkhani zosangalatsa posachedwa, komanso kusintha kwa malingaliro ndi luntha la wolotayo kwambiri pambuyo pa kutha kwa zovuta ndi malingaliro oyipa omwe adamulamulira. moyo.
